(a) Sex-proportion decrease people fecundity
Overall, SR/ST females produce fewer offspring than ST/ST females (Fdos,2 = 7.0, p = 0.0013), and this is significant for each SR strain (SRMyself: t = ?2.9, p = 0.0049; SRNyc: t = ?2.4, p = 0.018). However, there was not a significant difference in the effect of SR strain on female fecundity (SRMyself: 159 ± 8.3 (mean ± s.e.), SRNew york: 174 ± 11.5; Fstep 1,1 = 3.7, p = 0.056). Across both SR strains combined, SR/ST females produced an average of 165 ± 6 ashley madison aansluiting.7 offspring (n = 74) whereas ST/ST females produced an average of 197 ± 6.1 offspring (n = 66), a 16.3% reduction in fecundity (95% CI 0.074–0.245).
Figure 1. Female fecundity of SR carriers is reduced when compared with wild-type females. Two different SR chromosomes were assayed (SRMe personally and SRNew york) in heterozygous females, and each was compared to wild-type (ST/ST) females with an otherwise similar genetic background. The dark line in the box indicates the median and the bottom and top of the box indicate the first and third quartiles, respectively. (Online version in colour.)
(b) Zero effect of gender-proportion on resilience
We find segregating variation for longevity, but we do not find that SR carriers show reduced survival relative to ST carriers. We assayed 2669 flies for longevity, which included female and male carriers of two different SR chromosomes and four different ST chromosomes (electronic supplementary material, table S1). SR carrier status did not contribute significantly to variation in longevity (figure 2; electronic supplementary material, figure S4; females: Wald ? 1 2 = 2.5 , p = 0.1; males: Wald ? 1 2 = 0.8 , p = 0.7), but there was a significant effect of line within chromosome type (females: Wald ? 4 2 = 24 , p = 0.0004; males: Wald ? 4 2 = 3 , p < 0.0001). Within chromosome type, there was no significant difference between the two SR strains (females: Wald ? 1 2 = 0.2 , p = 0.6; males: Wald ? 1 2 = 0.3 , p = 0.6), though there was among ST strains, which is owing to a longer lifespan of the Ny2 line when compared with the other lines (females: Wald ? 1 2 = 6 , p = 0.01; males: Wald ? 1 2 = 13 , p = 0.0004).
Figure 2. Brand new longevity of ladies SR providers (SR/ST) isn’t reduced relative to insane-types of (ST/ST) people. Flies are split up of the strain, including five ST stresses and two SR strains. (On the internet type in the the colour.)
(c) Ladies don’t discriminate against mating that have sex-proportion people
We do not find evidence that virgin females discriminate against mating with SR males. First, in no-choice trials, females mated at similar rates with SRMyself and ST males (SRMe: (76%) mated, ST: (82%) mated in 2 h; FET, p = 0.55). Of the pairs that copulated, the mating latency was not significantly different between SRMe and ST males (SRMe: 34.0 ± 2.6 min (mean ± s.e.), ST: 29.9 ± 4.5; Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Z = 1.69, p = 0.09; electronic supplementary material, figure S5). Second, we do not find evidence that females discriminate against mating with SR males in situations with the extensive male–male competition. In our cage experiments, none of the three tester male genotypes (ST, SRMe and SRNew york) showed a consistent difference from 50 : 50 random mating against the dark males (ST: ? 1 MH 2 = 0.18 , p = 0.7; SRMyself: ? 1 MH 2 = 0.01 , p = 0.9; SRNY: ? 1 MH 2 = 1.5 , p = 0.2; electronic supplementary material, figure S6).